ਯੋਜਕ Conjunctions

This topic has been prepared on the basis of assumption that the learner is thoroughly familiar with the concept of conjunctions in English: usage, structure etc. Also note that the Punjabi word/phrase given for each conjunction is only relevant  to the context described by the sentence given as an example.

ਚੱਲੋ, 'ਆਗਿਆਵਾਚਕ ਰੂਪ' ਪੜ੍ਹੀਏ! Let's learn the 'Imperative'!

The imperative, called ਆਗਿਆਵਾਚਕ ਰੂਪ (ਰੌੰ ) in Punjabi, is a verb mood which is used to 

• give an order
• express a desire
• make a request
• offer advice
• recommend something

Unlike other French verb tenses and moods, the subject pronoun is not used with the imperative. Some examples of affirmative as well as negative affirmatives:

ਬੂਹਾ ਬੰਦ ਕਰ।

Close the door.

ਚੱਲੋ, ਖਾਈਏ!

Let's eat!

ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਡਰੋ ਨਾ।

Never be afraid.

ਆਪਾਂ ਉਹਨੂੰ ਭੁੱਲੀਏ ਨਾ।

Let's not forget him.

Conjugation is relatively simple since there are only three grammatical persons that can be used with the imperative: ਤੂੰ (informal 'You'), ਅਸੀਂ (We) and ਤੁਸੀਂ (formal 'You'). Let's take some verbs and practise the concept further.

ਖੇਡਣਾ (to play)

(You) play. - (ਤੂੰ) ਖੇਡ।

(We) Let's play. - ਚੱਲੋ, (ਆਪਾਂ) ਖੇਡੀਏ।

(You) play. - (ਤੁਸੀਂ) ਖੇਡੋ।

The words in brackets are optional and, in most cases, superfluous in usage.

ਗਾਉਣਾ (to laugh)

Sing. - ਗਾ।

Let's sing. - ਚੱਲੋ, ਗਾਈਏ।

Sing. - ਗਾਓ।

ਖਾਣਾ (to eat)

Eat. - ਖਾ।

Let's eat. - ਚੱਲੋ, ਖਾਈਏ।

Eat. - ਖਾਓ।

Don't eat. - ਖਾ ਨਾ।

Let's not eat. - ਆਪਾਂ ਖਾਈਏ ਨਾ।

Don't eat. - ਖਾਓ ਨਾ।

I'm sure you have caught the main gist of conjugation by now. Let me write down some rules in any case.

ਹਾਂ-ਵਾਚਕ (Affirmative)

• For informal you (ਤੂੰ), just remove the -ਨਾ/ਣਾ ending from infinitive form and voila!, we have the conjugated imperative. For verbs ending in "-ਉਣਾ", remove the ਉ as well.. So ਨੱਚ (ਨੱਚਣਾ), ਖੇਡ (ਖੇਡਣਾ), ਗਾ (ਗਾਉਣਾ), ਨਹਾ (ਨਹਾਉਣਾ).

• For formal you (ਤੁਸੀਂ), simply add ਓ to the 'informal you' form. So ਨੱਚੋ (ਨੱਚਣਾ), ਖੇਡੋ (ਖੇਡਣਾ), ਗਾਓ (ਗਾਉਣਾ), ਨਹਾਓ (ਨਹਾਉਣਾ).

• For 'we' form, add 'ਚੱਲੋ'* in the front and make sure the word ends in "ਈਏ" sound. This implies that verbs ending in "-ਨਾ/-ਣਾ" have a "-ੀਏ" ending while verbs ending in "-ਉਣਾ" have a "-ਈਏ" ending in conjugation. So ਨੱਚੀਏ (ਨੱਚਣਾ), ਖੇਡੀਏ (ਖੇਡਣਾ), ਗਾਈਏ (ਗਾਉਣਾ), ਨਹਾਈਏ (ਨਹਾਉਣਾ).

The case of ਚੱਲੋ is curious. In Punjabi, ਚੱਲਣਾ is a verb meaning "to move" and it's almost always used with the affirmative imperative in case of 'we'.

ਨਾਂਹ-ਵਾਚਕ (Negative)

• For both the 'You's, place ਨਾ before or after the verb conjugated in the same manner as affirmative.

• For 'we' form, 'ਆਪਾਂ' is almost always used while no use of 'ਚੱਲੋ' here. Place ਨਾ before or after the  conugated verb. ਨਾ is mostly placed after the verb in colloquial Punjabi.

ਕਾਰਕ کارک Case

Many of the learners complain about the difficulties encountered with various forms of nouns and pronouns in different sentences. Yes the concept of "case" is tricky but I'll try my best to explain it simply.

Wikipedia says:
"Case is a grammatical category whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by a noun or pronoun in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In some languages, nouns, pronouns and their modifiers take different inflected forms depending on what case they are in. English has largely lost its case system, although case distinctions can still be seen with the personal pronouns: forms such as I, he and we are used in the role of subject ("I kicked the ball"), while forms such as me, him and us are used in the role of object ("John kicked me")."

So, in short, nouns and pronouns change their form depending upon the function performed by or upon them. These different cases is what's called "CASE" of that noun/pronoun.

While I'll discuss different cases (8 in total) separately in different posts, let me first discuss about the "case form" (ਕਾਰਕ ਰੂਪ/کارک روپ) of nouns and pronouns. There are 4 forms which a noun or a pronoun can take depending upon the type of case (represented by the symbol of that case)  it is used with:

1. Direct form (ਸਧਾਰਨ ਰੂਪ سدھارن روپ):

When no "case symbol" (ਕਾਰਕ ਚਿੰਨ کارک چنہ) is used. In all the conjugations shown till now, we've been using this case, the simplest of 'em all.

ਮੁੰਡਾ ਪੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਹੈ। 

منڈا پڑھدا ہے۔

The boy reads.

ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਨੱਚ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ।
کڑیاں نچّ رہیاں ہن۔

The girls are dancing.

Since no case symbol is used, ਮੁੰਡਾ/منڈا and ਕੁੜੀਆਂ/کڑیاں are in their direct form.

2. Post-positional form (ਸਬੰਧਕੀ ਰੂਪ سبندھکی روپ):

As the name suggests, whenever the noun or pronoun is followed by a post-position (Punjabi uses post-positions and not prepositions!) this form is used. Here the post-position used is the case symbol.

ਕੁੱਤੇ ਨੇ ਰਾਜੂ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਢਿਆ।
کتے نے راجو نوں وڈھیا۔

The dog bit Raju.

ਕੁੱਤੀ ਨੇ ਰਾਜੂ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਢਿਆ।
کتی نے راجو نوں وڈھیا۔

The bitch bit Raju.

ਇਹ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਦਿਓ।
ایہہ مینوں دے دیو۔

Give it to me.

The nouns 'ਕੁੱਤਾ/کتا', 'ਕੁੱਤੀ/کتی', 'ਰਾਜੂ/راجو', 'ਮੈਂ/میں' are all in their post-positional form since they are followed by post-positions like 'ਨੇ' or 'ਨੂੰ'.

3. Integrated post-positional form (ਸੰਮਿਲਤ ਸਬੰਧਕੀ ਰੂਪ سملت سبندھکی روپ):

Well this form takes the previous one to whole new level!!! The case symbol (i.e. the post-position) is incorporated into the noun or pronoun itself. The expanded forms (as chalked out in point 2 above) are given in parentheses. This form is very common in colloquial Punjabi but they are not applicable for each and every noun or pronoun. Only few nouns/pronouns use it.

ਮੈਂ ਪਿੰਡੋਂ ਆ ਗਿਆ। (from ਮੈਂ ਪਿੰਡ ਤੋਂ ਆ ਗਿਆ।)
(میں پنڈوں آ گیا۔ (میں پنڈ توں آ گیا۔

I came from the village.

ਉਹ ਘਰੇ ਹਨ। (from ਉਹ ਘਰ ਵਿਚ ਹਨ।)
(اوہ گھرے ہن۔ (اوہ گھر وچ ہن۔

They are home.

ਮੈਥੋਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਲੈ ਲੈ। (from ਮੇਰੇ ਤੋਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਲੈ ਲੈ।)
 (میرے توں کتاب لے لے۔  ( میتھوں کتاب لے لے۔

Take the book from me.

4. Vocative form (ਸੰਬੋਧਕੀ ਰੂਪ سمبودھکی روپ):

The form with which the noun/pronoun is addressed. Again, not applicable to every noun/pronoun.

ਓ ਮੁੰਡਿਆ! ਇੱਧਰ ਆ।
او منڈیا! ادھر آ۔

Oi lad! Come here.

ਨੀ ਕੁੜੀਓ! ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ?
نی کڑیو! کتھے ہوں تسیں؟

Hey girls! Where are you?

Rules to be followed:

• The unchanged form of a noun/pronoun is used for direct case (point 1).

• Pronouns don't change their form with the change in case.

• Feminine nouns whether singular or plural do not change their form for post-positional case.

• Masculine nouns do change their form for post-positional case. There can be two categories of masculine nouns:

1. Those ending in a kanna in their singular forms (-ਾ). e.g.: ਮੁੰਡਾ/منڈا (boy), ਚਾਚਾ/چاچا (uncle), ਖੋਤਾ/کھوتا (ass), ਘੋੜਾ/گھوڑا (horse)

Singular nouns (ਮੁੰਡਾ/ਚਾਚਾ/ਖੋਤਾ/ਘੋੜਾ منڈا/چاچا/کھوتا/گھوڑا): Terminal kanna is changed to terminal laanv (-ੇ). So they become ਮੁੰਡੇ/منڈے, ਚਾਚੇ/چاچے, ਖੋਤੇ/کھوتے, ਘੋੜੇ/گھوڑے etc. which is incidentally the plural form in the direct/simple case. The direct case is given as a reference.

Direct case (DC): ਮੁੰਡਾ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। منڈا کم کر رہا ہے۔ (The boy is doing the job.)

Post-positional case (PPC): ਮੁੰਡੇ ਨੇ ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ। منڈے نے کم کیتا۔ (The boy finished the job.)

Plural nouns (ਮੁੰਡੇ/ਚਾਚੇ/ਖੋਤੇ/ਘੋੜੇ منڈے/چاچے/کھوتے/گھوڑے): Terminal laanv is changed to a sihari (ਿ) with the penultimate character and ending with ਆਂ. So they become ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ/منڈیاں, ਚਾਚਿਆਂ/چاچیاں, ਖੋਤਿਆਂ/کھوتیاں, ਘੋੜਿਆਂ/گھوڑیاں etc. which vaguely (there's a difference of sihari vs bihari) resembles the plural forms of feminine nouns.

DC: ਮੁੰਡੇ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। منڈے کم کر رہے ہن۔ (The boys are doing the job.)

PPC: ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ। منڈیاں نے کم کیتا۔ (The boys finished the job.)

2. Those with other endings. e.g: ਘਰ/گھر (house), ਪੁੱਤਰ/پتر (son), ਭਾਲੂ/بھالو (bear)

Singular nouns: No change. So they remain ਘਰ/گھر, ਪੁੱਤਰ/پتر, ਭਾਲੂ/بھالو.

DC: ਪੁੱਤਰ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। پتر کم کر رہا ہے۔ (The son is doing the job.)

PPC: ਪੁੱਤਰ ਨੇ ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ। پتر نے کم کیتا۔ (The son finished the job.)

Plural nouns: Addition of ਾਂ or ਆਂ depending on whether the noun ends in a consonant or a vowel symbol. So they become ਘਰਾਂ/گھراں, ਪੁੱਤਰਾਂ/پتراں, ਭਾਲੂਆਂ/بھالوآں.

DC: ਪੁੱਤਰ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। پتر کم کر رہے ہن۔  (The sons are doing the job.)

PPC: ਪੁੱਤਰਾਂ ਨੇ ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ।  پتراں نے کم کیتا۔  (The sons finished the job.)

• The vocative forms (point 4) of both masculine and feminine nouns will be discussed under the post of 'Vocative Case'. So stay connected! It's gonna get more interesting.

ਚਾਲੂ ਭਵਿੱਖਤ ਕਾਲ چالو بھوکھت کال Future Continuous Tense

What will you be doing today? Except going through these conjugations, of course! Here's the conjugation pattern for future continuous tense. Simple indeed if you already know the continuity indicators and the future form of 'to be' (ਹੋਣਾ/ہونا) verb.

Supreet will be waiting for me.

ਸੁਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਮੇਰੀ ਉਡੀਕ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।

سپریت میری اڈیک کر رہی ہوویگی۔

I will be writing tomorrow.

ਮੈਂ ਭਲਕੇ ਲਿਖ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੋਵਾਂਗਾ।

میں بھلکے لکھ رہا ہووانگا۔

ਨੱਚਣਾ/نچنا (to dance)

'ਅਸੀਂ' ਬਨਾਮ 'ਆਪਾਂ' 'اسیں' بنام 'آپاں' Two forms of We

Very interesting! Unlike English, Punjabi has two variants for the first person plural pronouns i.e. We, our, ours, us etc. depending on whether the listener is included in this "we/us" or not. It's quite unique to Punjabi. Here's a brief illustration using hypothetical scenarios:

ਅਸੀਂ/ਸਾਡਾ/ਸਾਨੂੰ اسیں/ساڈا/سانوں

You and your sister are informing your parents that you two siblings are going to school (ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾਣਾ/سکول جانا). Since the listener i.e. the parents are not included in this group (the one going to school), we will use ਅਸੀਂ/اسیں. So these siblings would say:

Speaker: you or your sister;
Listener: your parents

ਅਸੀਂ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ।
اسیں سکول جا رہے ہاں۔
We are going to school.

ਸਾਡੇ ਝੋਲ਼ੇ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹਨ?
ساڈے جھولے کتھے ہن؟
Where are our bags?

ਸਾਨੂੰ ਕੌਣ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਆਵੇਗਾ: ਮੰਮੀ ਕਿ ਪਾਪਾ?
سانوں کون چھڈّ کے آویگا: ممی کہ پاپا؟
Who will go drop us off: Mom or Dad?

ਆਪਾਂ/ਆਪਣਾ/ਆਪਾਂ ਨੂੰ آپاں/اپنا/آپاں نوں

You and your family are going for a picnic and you all are talking among yourselves, making plans and all. Since the listeners i.e. your family is also included in this "we" (the group which is going for the picnic), ਆਪਾਂ/آپاں root is used. So you'd say:

Speaker: any family member;
Listener: the whole family

ਆਪਾਂ ਪਿਕਨਿਕ 'ਤੇ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ।
آپاں پکنک 'تے جا رہے ہاں۔
We (all) are going for a picnic.

ਆਪਣੀ ਰੋਟੀ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ?
اپنی روٹی کتھے ہے؟
Where is our food?

ਆਪਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਗੱਡੀ ਕੌਣ ਦੇਵੇਗਾ?
آپاں نوں گڈی کون دیویگا؟
Who will provide us with a car?

If one of your family member is not going to the picnic and someone who's going to is talking to that person, he'd again use the first case i.e. ਅਸੀਂ/اسیں because the listener is not included in the 'we'.

Another scenario:

• A politician, while addressing a crowd on behalf of his party, about the work he and his party members have done in the past years, would use "ਅਸੀਂ/اسیں" since the work has been carried out by him and the other members and not the audience. 

Our party did this and that.  (The party doesn't include the audience)

ਸਾਡੀ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਨੇ ਇਹ ਕੀਤਾ, ਉਹ ਕੀਤਾ।

ساڈی پارٹی نے ایہہ کیتا، اوہ کیتا۔

• The same politician while urging the audience with statements like "Let's work together for a better future" or "We all need to work towards this common goal" would use "ਆਪਾਂ/آپاں" since he's including the audience too in this usage of 'we'.

Our constituency experienced the most development. (The constituency includes the audience)

ਆਪਣੇ ਹਲਕੇ ਵਿਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਤਰੱਕੀ ਹੋਈ।

اپنے ہلکے وچ سبھ توں ودھ ترقی ہوئی۔

The conjugations with ਆਪਾਂ/آپاں follow the same pattern as those with ਅਸੀਂ/اسیں. So no worries there!

ਆਪਾਂ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ।
آپاں کھاندے ہاں۔
We (all) eat.

ਆਪਣਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਮਹਾਨ ਹੈ।
اپنا دیش مہان ہے۔
Our nation is great. (spoken to speaker's fellow countrymen)

ਸਾਡਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਮਹਾਨ ਹੈ।
ساڈا دیش مہان ہے۔
Our nation is great. (spoken to an outsider i.e. to someone not from the same nation)

ਸਧਾਰਨ ਭਵਿੱਖਤ ਕਾਲ سدھارن بھوکھت کال Future indefinite tense

We will now learn about the simple future or future indefinite tense. Some examples are:

ਮੈਂ ਬੋਲਾਂਗਾ।
میں بولانگا۔
I will speak.

ਹਰਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਅਤੇ ਜਸਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਜਾਣਗੇ।
ہرپریت اتے جسپریت جانگے۔
Harpreet and Jaspreet will go.

The conjugations here are done in three steps:
1. Remove the terminal -ਨਾ/-ਣਾ.
2. Add the conjugation character.
3. Add the suitable verb ending.
Both no. 2 and 3 depend on the gender and number of the subject as illustrated in the following table.

ਜਿੱਤਣਾ جتنا (to win)

'ਹੋਣਾ' ਦਾ ਭਵਿੱਖਤ ਰੂਪ ہونا' دا بھوکھت روپ' Future form of 'to be'

Before we start conjugating verbs in future tense, let's first learn about the method of conjugation of the very special verb 'to be':

• I will/shall be (m) - ਮੈਂ ਹੋਵਾਂਗਾ میں ہووانگا
• I will/shall be (f) - ਮੈਂ ਹੋਵਾਂਗੀ میں ہووانگی

• You will/shall be (m) - ਤੂੰ ਹੋਵੇਂਗਾ توں ہووینگا
• You will/shall be (f) - ਤੂੰ ਹੋਵੇਂਗੀ توں ہووینگی

• He will/shall be - ਉਹ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ اوہ ہووےگا
• She will/shall be - ਉਹ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ اوہ ہوویگی

• We will/shall be (m) - ਅਸੀਂ ਹੋਵਾਂਗੇ اسیں ہووانگے
• We will/shall be (f) - ਅਸੀਂ ਹੋਵਾਂਗੀਆਂ اسیں ہووانگیاں

• You will/shall be (m) - ਤੁਸੀਂ ਹੋਵੋਗੇ تسیں ہووونگے
• You will/shall be (f) - ਤੁਸੀਂ ਹੋਵੋਗੀਆਂ تسیں ہووونگیاں

• They will/shall be (m) - ਉਹ ਹੋਣਗੇ اوہ ہونگے
• They will/shall be (f) - ਉਹ ਹੋਣਗੀਆਂ اوہ ہونگیاں

Easy, right? :P

ਪੂਰਨ ਭੂਤ ਕਾਲ پورن بھوت کال Past Perfect Tense

If you've already gone through the post related to "Present perfect tense", this tense would be super easy to correlate.

Just remove the -ਨਾ/-ਣਾ ending and add the perfection indicator as well as the past form of 'to be'!

I had written.
ਮੈਂ ਲਿਖ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਸੀ।
میں لکھ چکا سی۔

We had spoken.
ਅਸੀਂ ਬੋਲ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਸੀ।
اسیں بول چکے سی۔

ਕਰਨਾ کرنا to do

This is but one method of conjugation in past perfect tense. The other one would be discussed in future posts!

ਨਾਸਕੀਕਰਨ ناسکیکرن Nasalization

Punjabi (Gurmukhi) has two symbols for indicating nasal sounds.

One of these, the dot (ਂ) is called bindi (ਬਿੰਦੀ/بندی) in Punjabi. Along with the other one, the tippi (ਟਿੱਪੀ/ٹپی ੰ ), it's a sign used for nasalization, for example, in a velar nasal (the 'n' sound in words ending in '-ing') or for a \m\ before certain consonants (-mb, -mp etc.).

As an illustration, 'big' written in Punjabi would be 'ਬਿਗ/بگ' but 'bing' is written as 'ਬਿੰਗ/بنگ'. Similarly, while 'log' is written as 'ਲੌਗ/لوگ', 'long' is written as 'ਲੌਂਗ/لونگ' with the bindi/tippi indicating that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.

One more thing! There are rules as to which vowel sign (ਮਾਤਰਾ/ماترا) employs what nasal symbol. Also note that these symbols are for Gurmukhi script, Shahmukhi script uses only one symbol 'noonguna' (ں) for nasalization.

Bindi: used with kanna (ਾ), bihari (ੀ), laan (ੇ), dulaavan (ੈ), hora (ੋ) and kanora (ੌ).

Tippi: used with mukta (no vowel), sihari (ਿ), aunkar (ੁ) and dulainkar (ੂ). The only exception is with aunkar and dulainkar when they are used with oora (ੳ) i.e. ਉ and ਊ use bindi and not tippi.

Let's look at all the cases one by one.

ਬਿੰਦੀ/Bindi

1. ਕੰਨਾ/Kanna

ਕਾਂ (crow)
ਮਾਂ (mother)
ਸਾਂਝ (partnership/relationship)

2. ਬਿਹਾਰੀ/Bihari

ਪੀਂਘ (swing)
ਮੀਂਹ (rain)
ਅਸੀਂ (we)

3. ਲਾਂ/Laan

ਭੇਂਟ (meeting)
ਗੇਂਦ (ball)
ਸਕੇਂ (conditional form of the verb ' ਸਕਣਾ')

4. ਦੁਲਾਵਾਂ/Dulavaan

ਮੈਂ (I)

ਪੈਂਟ (pants)

ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ (one of the vowel symbols)

5. ਹੋੜਾ/Hora

ਭੋਂ (land)

ਵਸੋਂ (settlement)

ਵਰਤੋਂ (use)

6. ਕਨੌੜਾ/Kanaura

ਲੌਂਗ (clove or nose-pin)

ਭੌਂਕਣਾ (to bark)

ਔਂਕੜ (one of the vowel symbols)

ਟਿੱਪੀ/Tippi

1. ਮੁਕਤਾ/Mukta

ਅੰਬ (mango)

ਮੰਗ (demand)

ਸੁਰੰਗ (tunnel)

2. ਸਿਹਾਰੀ/Sihari

ਲਿੰਗ (gender or male genital)

ਪਿੰਡ (village or body)

ਪਿੰਜਰ (skeleton)

3. ਔਂਕੜ/Aunkar

ਧੁੰਦ (fog)

ਸਹੁੰ (oath)

ਨਹੁੰ (nail)

4. ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ/Dulainkar

ਕੂੰਜੀ (key)

ਬੂੰਦ (drop)

ਭੂੰਡ (drone bee)

ਅਪਵਾਦ/Exceptions

1. ਉ

ਉਂਞ (that way)

ਸਿਉਂਕ (termite)

ਵਿਉਂਤ (plan)

2. ਊ

ਮਾਊਂ (child's word for a bug)
ਮਿਆਊਂ (meow)

ਟੱਬਰ ٹبر Family

Punjabi has a unique name for every relationship be it with your daughter-in-law's mother or your husband's father's elder brother's wife (uncle of spouse). All various types of uncles and aunts and cousins and what not have a different Punjabi name!!! Let's get going then:

Family: ਟੱਬਰ/ਪਰਿਵਾਰ/ਖ਼ਾਨਦਾਨ ٹبر/پریوار/خاندان
Relation: ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ رشتہ
Relative(s): ਰਿਸ਼ਤੇਦਾਰ رشتے دار

Father: ਪਿਤਾ/ਪਿਓ/ਬਾਪ/ਬਾਪੂ/ਅੱਬਾ/ਪਾਪਾ/ਡੈਡੀ پتا/پیو/باپ/باپو/ابا/پاپا/ڈیڈی
Mother: ਮਾਤਾ/ਮਾਂ/ਬੇਬੇ/ਅੰਮੀ/ਮੰਮੀ/ਮਾਈ/ਝਾਈ ماتا/ماں/بے بے/امی/ممی/مائی/جھائی

Brother: ਵੀਰ/ਭਰਾ/ਭਾਈ/ਬਾਈ/ਭਾ ویر/بھرا/بھائی/بائی/بھا
Brother's wife: ਭਾਬੀ/ਭਰਜਾਈ بھابی/بھرجائی

Sister's husband: ਭਣੋਈਆ/ਭਣੇਵਾਂ/ਜੀਜਾ بھنوئیا/بھنیواں/جیجا
Sister: ਭੈਣ/ਦੀਦੀ بھین/دیدی

Son: ਪੁੱਤ/ਪੁੱਤਰ/ਬੇਟਾ پتّ/پتر/بیٹا
Son's wife: ਨੂੰਹ نونہہ

Daughter's husband: ਜੁਆਈ/ਜਵਾਈ جوائی
Daughter: ਧੀ/ਪੁੱਤਰੀ/ਬੇਟੀ دھی/پتری/بیٹی

Husband: ਪਤੀ/ਖ਼ਸਮ/ਘਰਵਾਲ਼ਾ پتی/خصم/گھروالا
Wife: ਪਤਨੀ/ਰੰਨ/ਘਰਵਾਲ਼ੀ پتنی/رنّ/گھروالی

Grandfather (maternal): ਨਾਨਾ نانا
Grandmother (maternal): ਨਾਨੀ نانی

Grandfather (paternal): ਦਾਦਾ دادا
Grandmother (paternal): ਦਾਦੀ دادی

Grandson (daughter's son): ਦੋਹਤਾ دوہتا
Granddaughter (daughter's daughter): ਦੋਹਤੀ دوہتی

Grandson (son's son): ਪੋਤਾ/ਪੋਤਰਾ پوتا/پوترا
Granddaughter (son's daughter): ਪੋਤੀ/ਪੋਤਰੀ پوتی/پوتری

Father's elder brother: ਤਾਇਆ تایا
Father's elder brother's wife: ਤਾਈ تائی

Father's younger brother: ਚਾਚਾ چاچا
Father's younger brother's wife: ਚਾਚੀ چاچی

Father's sister's husband: ਫੁੱਫੜ پھپھڑ
Father's sister: ਭੂਆ بھوآ

Mother's brother: ਮਾਮਾ ماما
Mother's brother's wife: ਮਾਮੀ مامی

Mother's sister's husband: ਮਾਸੜ ماسڑ
Mother's sister: ਮਾਸੀ ماسی

Sister's son: ਭਾਣਜਾ بھانجا
Sister's son's wife: ਭਾਣਜ-ਨੂੰਹ بھانج-نونہہ

Sister's daughter's husband: ਭਾਣਜ-ਜੁਆਈ بھانج-جوائی
Sister's daughter: ਭਾਣਜੀ بھانجی

Brother's son: ਭਤੀਜਾ بھتیجا
Brother's son's wife: ਭਤੀਜ-ਨੂੰਹ بھتیج-نونہہ

Brother's daughter's husband: ਭਤੀਜ-ਜੁਆਈ بھتیج-جوائی
Brother's daughter: ਭਤੀਜੀ بھتیجی

Father-in-law: ਸਹੁਰਾ سہرا
Mother-in-law: ਸੱਸ سسّ

Husband's elder brother: ਜੇਠ جیٹھ
Husband's elder brother's wife: ਜੇਠਾਣੀ جیٹھانی

Husband's younger brother: ਦਿਉਰ دیور
Husband's younger brother's wife: ਦਰਾਣੀ درانی

Husband's sister's husband: ਨੰਦੋਈਆ نندوئیا
Husband's sister: ਨਨਾਣ ننان

Wife's brother: ਸਾਲ਼ਾ سالا
Wife's brother's wife: ਸਾਲ਼ੇਹਾਰ سالیہار

Wife's sister's husband: ਸਾਂਢੂ سانڈھو
Wife's sister: ਸਾਲ਼ੀ سالی

Child's father-in-law: ਕੁੜਮ کڑم
Child's mother-in-law: ਕੁੜਮਣੀ کڑمنی

Spouse's mother's father: ਨਨਿਆਹੁਰਾ ننیاہرا
Spouse's mother's mother: ਨਨੇਸ ننیس

Spouse's father's father: ਦਦਿਆਹੁਰਾ ددیاہرا
Spouse's father's mother: ਦਦੇਸ ددیس

Spouse's father's brother: ਪਤਿਆਹੁਰਾ پتیاہرا
Spouse's father's brother's wife: ਪਤੀਸ پتیس

Spouse's father's sister's husband: ਫਫਿਆਹੁਰਾ پھپھیاہرا
Spouse's father's sister: ਫਫੇਸ پھپھیس

Spouse's mother's brother: ਮਮਿਆਹੁਰਾ ممیاہرا
Spouse's mother's brother's wife: ਮਮੇਸ ممیس

Paternal grandfather's father: ਪੜਦਾਦਾ پڑدادا
Paternal grandfather's mother: ਪੜਦਾਦੀ پڑدادی

Son of grandson: ਪੜਪੋਤਾ/ਪੜੋਤਾ پڑپوتا/پڑوتا
Daughter of grandson: ਪੜਪੋਤੀ/ਪੜੋਤੀ پڑپوتی/پڑوتی

Maternal grandfather's father: ਪੜਨਾਨਾ پڑنانا
Maternal grandfather's mother: ਪੜਨਾਨੀ پڑنانی

Son of granddaughter: ਪੜਦੋਹਤਾ پڑدوہتا
Daughter of granddaughter: ਪੜਦੋਹਤੀ پڑدوہتی

Paternal grandfather's grandfather: ਨਕੜਦਾਦਾ نکڑدادا
Paternal grandfather's grandmother: ਨਕੜਦਾਦੀ نکڑدادی

Grandson of grandson: ਨਕੜਪੋਤਾ/ਨਕੜੋਤਾ نکڑپوتا/نکڑوتا
Granddaughter of grandson: ਨਕੜਪੋਤੀ/ਨਕੜੋਤੀ نکڑپوتی/نکڑوتی

Maternal grandfather's grandfather: ਨਕੜਨਾਨਾ نکڑنانا
Maternal grandfather's grandmother: ਨਕੜਨਾਨੀ نکڑنانی

Grandson of granddaughter: ਨਕੜਦੋਹਤਾ نکڑدوہتا
Granddaughter of granddaughter: ਨਕੜਦੋਹਤੀ نکڑدوہتی

The next stage relations are ਪਕੜਦਾਦਾ (Paternal grandfather's grandfather's father...are you kidding me!!!), ਪਕੜਦਾਦੀ, ਪਕੜਨਾਨਾ, ਪਕੜਨਾਨੀ, ਪਕੜੋਤਾ, ਪਕੜੋਤੀ, ਪਕੜਦੋਹਤਾ, ਪਕੜਦੋਹਤੀ.

Phew!! That was something. Imagine the scene of a Punjabi family reunion!!

But fret not. Most of the times, a simple Uncle Ji and Auntie Ji would do though calling someone by the exact relation has its own charm.

P.S.: Don't forget to put Ji (ਜੀ/) after every word for relative. It's what would separate a sophisticate from a rube.

ਇੱਕ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਨੇ ਕੀ-ਕੀ ਕਰਿਆ اک کریا نے کی-کی کریا The Curious Case of Punjabi Verbs

Curious, eh? Indeed! Punjabi verbs act very peculiarly depending upon the subject and one or more objects in a sentence. It might give headaches to a first-time learner but most native speakers don't even notice this behaviour of verbs. They acquire the skills naturally. The good news though is that this verb play reduces the number of verbs to be memorized by about one-third. How, you say? Let's see...

For most of the verbs, there are three forms based on a single root depending upon who's the subject and who is the object.

1. The subject and the object are the same i.e. the subject does the action on itself. This form is the closest to the root and also the shortest in length.
2. The subject itself acts upon the object (which is different from subject!). This form is intermediate in length and either has an extra ਉ sound or in some verbs, a kanna (ਾ) is added to the first letter.
3. The subject acts upon the object using services of still another object. This form is the longest one and almost always have an extra ਵਾ sound.

Let's take the case of three verbs with root ਬਣ (to make): ਬਣਨਾ, ਬਣਾਉਣਾ, ਬਣਵਾਉਣਾ.

ਬਣਨਾ/بننا: to make of oneself i.e. to become
ਬਣਾਉਣਾ/بناؤنا: to make (something)
ਬਣਵਾਉਣਾ/بنواؤنا: to get something made

I want to become a doctor.                                                      ਮੈਂ ਡਾਕਟਰ ਬਣਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

                                                                                                         میں ڈاکٹر بننا چاہندا ہاں۔

I want to make a house.                                                             ਮੈਂ ਘਰ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

                                                                                                         میں گھر بناؤنا چاہندا ہاں۔

I want a house made by a mason.                      ਮੈਂ ਇੱਕ ਮਿਸਤਰੀ ਤੋਂ ਘਰ ਬਣਵਾਉਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

                                                                                   میں اک مستری توں گھر بنواؤنا چاہندا ہاں۔

Take another example of ਮਰ (to cease existing): ਮਰਨਾ, ਮਾਰਨਾ, ਮਰਵਾਉਣਾ.

ਮਰਨਾ/مرنا: to cease existence of own i.e. to die
ਮਾਰਨਾ/مارنا: to kill
ਮਰਵਾਉਣਾ/مرواؤنا: to have somebody killed/ to get someone assassinated

He died.                                                                                                            ਉਹ ਮਰ ਗਿਆ।

                                                                                                                                اوہ مر گیا۔

He killed a parrot.                                                                              ਉਹਨੇ ਇੱਕ ਤੋਤਾ ਮਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।

                                                                                                                 اوہنے اک طوطا مار دتا۔

He got the President assassinated by a hit-man.    ਉਹਨੇ ਇੱਕ ਹੱਤਿਆਰੇ ਤੋਂ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਮਰਵਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ।

                                                                                              اوہنے اک ہتیارے توں راشٹرپتی مروا دتا۔

Pretty interesting, right? The fun part is that if you know any one form of the verb, you can easily guess the meaning of other two even if you come across them for the first time.

Here are some more examples to elucidate the concept:

• ਸਿੱਖ: ਸਿੱਖਣਾ/سکھنا (to learn), ਸਿਖਾਉਣਾ/سکھاؤنا (to teach), ਸਿਖਵਾਉਣਾ/سکھواؤنا (to get somebody taught by some other person)
• ਬੋਲ: ਬੋਲਣਾ/بولنا (to speak), ਬੁਲਾਉਣਾ/بلاؤنا (to call upon), ਬੁਲਵਾਉਣਾ/بلواؤنا (to ask somebody to call upon the other person)
• ਪੜ੍ਹ: ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ/پڑھنا (to study/read), ਪੜ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ/پڑھاؤنا (to teach), ਪੜ੍ਹਵਾਉਣਾ/پڑھواؤنا (to get somebody taught by another person)

ਚਾਲੂ ਭੂਤ ਕਾਲ چالو بھوت کال Past continuous tense

Last night, I was thinking about posting a lesson on past continuous tense!! This tense indicates that the action denoted by the verb was still being carried on i.e. it was going on at the time about which the statement is made. Here are a few examples:

Komal was dancing.
ਕੋਮਲ ਨੱਚ ਰਹੀ ਸੀ।
کومل نچّ رہی سی۔

Everyone was speaking.
ਸਾਰੇ ਬੋਲ ਰਹੇ ਸਨ।
سارے بول رہے سن۔

It's super easy to conjugate the verbs in this tense. Just remove the ending from the infinitive -ਨਾ/-ਣਾ and add the suitable "continuity indicator" (equivalent to -ing of English) + the suitable conjugated past form of the verb "to be".

This continuity indicator is ਰਿਹਾ (m) and ਰਹੀ (f) for singular pronouns and ਰਹੇ (m) and ਰਹੀਆਂ (f) for plural ones.

ਲਿਖਣਾ/لکھنا (to write)

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ پڑھنا to read/study

I was studying.                                   ਮੈਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ ਸਾਂ/ਸੀ।
                                                        میں پڑھ رہا/رہی ہاں۔

You were studying.                               ਤੂੰ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ ਸੈਂ/ਸੀ।

                                                        توں پڑھ رہا/رہی ہیں۔

He/She/It was studying.                          ਉਹ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ ਸੀ।

                                                         اوہ پڑھ رہا/رہی ہے۔

We were studying.                          ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ/ਰਹੀਆਂ ਸਾਂ/ਸੀ।

                                                   اسیں پڑھ رہے/رہیاں ہاں۔

You were studying.                              ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ/ਰਹੀਆਂ ਸੀ।

                                               تسیں پڑھ رہے/رہیاں ہو/ہوں۔

They were studying.                            ਉਹ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ/ਰਹੀਆਂ ਸਨ।
                                                       اوہ پڑھ رہے/رہیاں ہن۔

ਸਧਾਰਨ ਭੂਤ ਕਾਲ سدھارن بھوت کال Past indefinite tense

We liked to learn about the present tense, didn't we? Well now, it's the turn of past tense and the simplest of 'em all is past indefinite or simple past. Here are few examples:

I danced there.
ਮੈਂ ਉੱਥੇ ਨੱਚਦਾ ਸੀ।
میں اتھے نچدا سی۔

He read the book.
ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਸੀ।
اوہ کتاب پڑھدا سی۔

They spoke.
ਉਹ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਸਨ।
اوہ بولدے سن۔

The conjugation is done by removing the ending -ਨਾ/ਣਾ and adding a suitable verb ending plus including the past form of the verb "to be" (ਹੋਣਾ/ہونا) as discussed in the previous post.

The endings for the plural masculine pronouns is -ਦੇ and for plural feminine it's -ਦੀਆਂ while for masculine singulars, it's -ਦਾ and for feminine singulars, it's -ਦੀ। One call recall that these were the same in the present indefinite conjugations.

ਲਿਖਣਾ/لکھنا (to write)

'ਹੋਣਾ' ਦਾ ਅਤੀਤੀ ਰੂਪ ہونا' دا اتیتی روپ' Past form of 'to be'

In the previous post we learned how to conjugate the verb "to be" in present tense and thus went on to learning various types of present tense formations. Now is the time to look at how to conjugate "to be" in past tense. It is done as follows:

• I was - ਮੈਂ ਸੀ/ਸਾਂ*             *میں سی/ساں
• You were - ਤੂੰ ਸੀ/ਸੈਂ*       *توں سی/سیں
• He/she/it was - ਉਹ ਸੀ      اوہ سی
• We were - ਅਸੀਂ ਸੀ/ਸਾਂ*   *اسیں سی/ساں
• You were - ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸੀ           تسیں سی
• They were - ਉਹ ਸਨ         اوہ سن

*ਸਾਂ(ساں) and ਸੈਂ(سیں) are used much more infrequently in contemporary official Punjabi though they are still prevalent in certain pockets of Punjabi hinterland and can be found extensively in Punjabi literature. When not sure, ਸੀ is always a safe choice. In the coming lessons about conjugations in various past tenses, only ਸੀ would be used for the sake of convenience.

ਰੰਗ رنگ Colours

Let's learn about words for colours in Punjabi. As nouns, these colours are described by their masculine singular forms (since the word for colour 'ਰੰਗ' is masculine itself!) while as adjectives, they have four different forms depending upon the number and gender of the modified nouns.

This is green colour. 

ਇਹ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ ਹੈ।

ایہہ ہرا رنگ ہے۔

The sky is blue.

ਅਸਮਾਨ ਨੀਲਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

اسمان نیلا ہندا ہے۔

Give me the yellow kites.

ਮੈਨੂੰ ਪੀਲ਼ੀਆਂ ਗੁੱਡੀਆਂ ਦਿਓ।

مینوں پیلیاں گڈیاں دیو۔

And some more...

For describing the lightness of a colour, one can use either 'ਫਿੱਕਾ' or 'ਹਲਕਾ'. The same goes with colourless as there are many words to describe the lack of colour. Given here are just two of them!

'ਨਾਂਹ' ਕਿਵੇਂ ਆਖੀਏ? نانہہ' کویں آکھیئے؟' How to say 'no'?

So let's learn how to negate sentences! How to say no!

'No' as a noun is "ਨਾਂਹ" in Punjabi. So the verb 'to negate'/ 'to say no to' is ਨਾਂਹ ਆਖਣੀ or the more common ਨਾਂਹ ਕਰਨੀ (literally 'to do no'!!!).

The adverbs used for negation are ਨਹੀਂ and ਨਾ.

For simple sentences and questions, just place the ਨਹੀਂ right before the verb which has to be negated. Let's look at some examples.

This flower is beautiful.         ਇਹ ਫੁੱਲ ਸੋਹਣਾ ਹੈ।                ایہہ پھلّ سوہنا ہے۔

This flower is not beautiful.  ਇਹ ਫੁੱਲ ਸੋਹਣਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ।         ایہہ پھلّ سوہنا نہیں ہے۔

Do you speak Punjabi?        ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹੋ?       کی تسیں پنجابی بولدے ہو؟

Don't you speak Punjabi?   ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਬੋਲਦੇ? *  کی تسیں پنجابی نہیں بولدے؟

I am dancing.                       ਮੈਂ ਨੱਚ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।                     میں نچّ رہا ہاں۔

I am not dancing.                ਮੈਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਨੱਚ ਰਿਹਾ। *                 میں نہیں نچّ رہا۔

For imperative sentences the negative adverb used is ਨਾ.

Write here.                          ਇੱਥੇ ਲਿਖੋ।                              اتھے لکھو۔

Don't write here.                  ਇੱਥੇ ਨਾ ਲਿਖੋ।                         اتھے نہ لکھو۔

*While writing negative sentences, the "to be" form at the end is usually dropped without the loss of generality. Even in the first sentence just ਇਹ ਫੁੱਲ ਸੋਹਣਾ ਨਹੀਂ (without the ਹੈ) would have sufficed!

ਪੂਰਨ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਕਾਲ پورن ورتمان کال Present perfect tense

Have we talked about the present perfect? No, we haven't! Let's look at how the actions are done i.e. completed:

I have written.
ਮੈਂ ਲਿਖ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਹਾਂ।
میں لکھ چکا ہاں۔

We have said.
ਅਸੀਂ ਕਹਿ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਹਾਂ।
اسیں کہہ چکے ہاں۔

Method: Remove the '-ਨਾ/-ਣਾ'ending and add the appropriate perfection indicator and 'to be' verb ending.

ਕਰਨਾ کرنا to do

This is but one method of conjugation in present perfect tense. The other one would be discussed in future posts!

ਇਹ ਸੰਕੇਤਵਾਚਕ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ/ਪੜਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ایہہ سنکیتواچک وشیشن/پڑنانو ہن These are demonstrative adjectives/pronouns

Demonstrative adjectives (or pronouns) (this, that, these, those) are words used in place of articles (or nouns) to indicate a specific noun.

Well the good news is that you need not worry about the gender or number agreement for this particular group since the only two Punjabi words one needs to know are ਇਹ/ایہہ (this and these) and ਉਹ/اوہ (that and those)

These are a few examples:
ਇਹ ਕੁਝ ਮਿਸਾਲਾਂ ਹਨ:
:ایہہ کجھ مثالاں ہن

This boy is sad.
ਇਹ ਮੁੰਡਾ ਉਦਾਸ ਹੈ।
ایہہ منڈا اداس ہے۔

That is an elephant.
ਉਹ ਇੱਕ ਹਾਥੀ ਹੈ।
اوہ اک ہاتھی ہے۔

These apples are delicious!
ਇਹ ਸੇਬ ਸੁਆਦੀ ਹਨ!
!ایہہ سیب سوادی ہن

Give me those books.
ਮੈਨੂੰ ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਦਿਓ।
مینوں اوہ کتاباں دیو۔

ਚਾਲੂ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਕਾਲ چالو ورتمان کال Present continuous tense

Now, I am going to tell you about the present continuous tense!! It indicates that the action denoted by the verb is still being carried on i.e. it is going on. Here are a few examples:

Jasmeet is going.
ਜਸਮੀਤ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।
جسمیت جا رہی ہے۔

All the boys are studying.
ਸਾਰੇ ਮੁੰਡੇ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ।
سارے منڈے پڑھ رہے ہاں۔

It's super easy to conjugate the verbs in this tense. Just remove the ending from the infinitive -ਨਾ/-ਣਾ and add the suitable "continuity indicator" (equivalent to -ing of English) + the suitable conjugated form of the verb "to be".

This continuity indicator is ਰਿਹਾ (m) and ਰਹੀ (f) for singular pronouns and ਰਹੇ (m) and ਰਹੀਆਂ (f) for plural ones.

ਕਰਨਾ کرنا to do

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ پڑھنا to read/study

I am studying.                                   ਮੈਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ ਹਾਂ।
                                                        میں پڑھ رہا/رہی ہاں۔

You are studying.                               ਤੂੰ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ ਹੈਂ।

                                                        توں پڑھ رہا/رہی ہیں۔

He/She/It is studying.                       ਉਹ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।

                                                         اوہ پڑھ رہا/رہی ہے۔

We are studying.                          ਅਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ/ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਾਂ।

                                                   اسیں پڑھ رہے/رہیاں ہاں۔

You are studying.                       ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ/ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹੋ/ਹੋਂ।

                                               تسیں پڑھ رہے/رہیاں ہو/ہوں۔

They are studying.                       ਉਹ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੇ/ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ।
                                                       اوہ پڑھ رہے/رہیاں ہن۔

The much common "going to" construction used for expressing intention is conjugated the same way in Punjabi with the verb ਜਾਣਾ (to go). Here are a few examples.

I am going to eat.

ਮੈਂ ਖਾਣ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।
میں کھان جا رہا ہاں۔

We are going to speak.

ਅਸੀਂ ਬੋਲਣ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ।
اسیں بولن جا رہے ہاں۔

Take care that it's the "to go" verb which is conjugated while the other verb (to eat, to talk etc.) remains in infinitive form minus the terminal "ਕੰਨਾ/Kanna" (ਾ). So "to eat/ਖਾਣਾ" becomes ਖਾਣ, "to talk/ਬੋਲਣਾ" becomes "ਬੋਲਣ" and so on.